By R L Francis
The Christians all over India observed November 11 as “Dalit Liberation Sunday” (DLS) with an avowed aim of bringing the Dalit Christians at par with the ‘Dalit Hindus’ in matters of economic and social equality. The theme of the DLS was “As for Me and My Household, We will serve the Lord” (Joshua 24:15)”. It was taken on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Kandhamal violence that occurred in 2008 following the gruesome murder of Swami Lakshmananda- a firebrand Hindu saint working in that area of Odisha.
The objective of observing the DLS was to give a clarion call to whole Christian community in India to renew “our faith and awaken our consciousness” to be the voice of the voiceless and to “stand with the vulnerable Dalits in the society, according to Fr D M Zackarias of Catholic Bishop’s Conference of India (CBCI).
His objection was that though the Constitution has given freedom to profess and practice one’s religion, “our Dalit sisters and brothers are denied the Scheduled Castes rights just because they convert to Christianity.
The Catholic and Protestant Churches observed the ‘Dalit Liberation Sunday on November 11. The two prominent Church organizations in India – the Catholic Bishop’s Conference of India (CBCI) and the National Council of Churches in India (NCCI) are worried about the future of the converted Dalits. Both these church organizations are associated with Vatican and World Council of Churches based in Geneva and work on their directives from time to time.
In December 2016 the Catholic Church released a document called “Policy of Dalit Empowerment in the Catholic Church in India”. This report accepted the existence of untouchability and discrimination against Dalits in the Church and should be immediately addresed. On the other hand, the Dalit Christians were hopeful that after this report the Catholic and Protestant leadership will remove the discrimination and take steps to restore their honour and respect in the social milieu.
However, the Church reiterated its old demand of inclusion of Dalit Christians into the Scehduled Castes category using the opportunity of Dalit Liberation Sunday. There are around 60 percent Dalit Christians who had converted from Hindu religion to Christianity. The Constitution has inducted a provision of reservation for Scheduled Castes after independence. But the Constitution does not support the idea of religion-based reservations. The Church leadership talks of Dalit empowerment and equates the Dalit Christians with their Hindu counterparts. The Church also argues that the problems of Hindu and Christian Dalits are same and have common roots. However, this is a fact that these Dalits had revolted against the age old discriminatory system of Hindu religion and embraced Christianity. But now hardly they have any similarities with their Hindu counterparts.
So much so that they changed their way of worship, life style and symbols and their problems could not be seen as the problems of the Hindu Dalits. The Christian Dalits today do not need the Scheduled Caste tag. What they need most is social security and opportunities of economic development. They should be given equal rights on Church resources and positions in the Church-run and managed institutions which they were never given till date. The Dalit Christians are living a life of neglect and humiliation in India’s largest Catholic Church organization. Same is the story with the Protestant Church.
Can the CBCI or NCCI say with confidence about the partnership of Dalit Christians in this vast Church Empire in India? How many of them are principals and teachers in Church-run schools? How many of them are given appointments as college teachers? How many are doctors in Christian hospitals? How many Dalits are positioned as directors of various social organizations managed and run by the Church on the financial assistance in crores received from foreign agencies?
In the spiritual or religious matters the plight of these Dalit Christians is more miserable. There are six Cardinals in Catholic Church in India and none of them is a Dalit; same is the case with 30 archbishops – no Dalit Christian; out of the 175 bishops there are 9 Dalit Bishops. Among the 822 Major Superiors there are 12 Dalit Christians and out of the 25000 Catholic priests 1130 are Dalits and out of some 1 lakh nuns, only some thousands come from Dalit Christian community.
A decade ago the St Stephen’s College in East Delhi had announced with much fanfare that they will provide 40 percent reservation to the Dalit Christians. Similarly, the Delhi Catholic Arch-diocese too declared 30 percent reservation to the Dalits. But the St Stephen’s College stopped this provision after a couple of years and the Catholic Arch-diocese did nothing even after making an announcement.
A handful of clergy groups have now established their monopoly on the entire Church Empire in India. According to the Karnataka High Court’s former judge Michael F Saldhana 1.3 percent clergy dominate the policy decisions of the church while 98.7 percent laity has no role to play. According to R L Francis, a Christian thinker and writer in the last six decades the church had sold properties worth millions of rupees and no one knows about the money that came from selling these properties! There are thousands of churches in India where the annual collection goes to RS 2.5 million per church. But there is no model of development of Dalit and poor Christians using this money.
The Church in India – Catholic or Protestant – does not want to release its grip on church resources nor is it interested in putting aside the dominance of Vatican or other western countries. Instead of taking the responsibility of its followers and using these resources for their growth, the church is trying to leave them at the mercy of the government. In 2004 a petition was submitted to the Supreme Court to grant the Scehduled Caste status to the Dalit Christians. Demonstrations were also held in Delhi. During the hearing on the petition the judges enquired whether the caste system existed in Christianity. Will the Church accept this reality so that they can be listed as per SCs, the court wanted to know.
The Supreme Court, thus diverted the matter to the government of India. The Congress party in connivance with the CBCI and NCCI exploited the Dalit Christians to the hilt. Although the Narasimha Rao government tried to show some lollypop to them the then President had summarily rejected the move. The Church leadership is obviously trying to please their masters in Congress party to win the coming elections so that they can carry on their agenda uninterrupted. The BJP is against the religion-based reservations so that it cannot help the church organizations in this matter.
The Dalit Christians are today caught in the vortex of Church leadership which is difficult to break free. The Dalit Christians are now realising the ground reality. Sometime ago, a south Indian group of Dalit Christians submitted a memorandum to the UN General Secretary Ban ki Moon alleging that the Catholic Church and Vatican are exploiting Dalit Christians. They should be given equal rights in the church and if they cannot do so, the UN should abolish the special status of permanent observer to the Vatican.
Christianity is an organised religion. After the government of India, the Church is the second such organization that has unlimited resources and can generate employment on the lines of the government. At present the church is running thousands of schools, colleges, hospitals, NGOs and other projects but the Dalit Christians have not benefited fron this. Many Dalit Christian organisations are appealing to the Church to not divide the Christians in the name of caste. But find ways for their growth and development of the economically weaker sections of the Christian community and facilitate implementation of the principle of diversity.
R. L Francis is President, Poor Christians Liberation Movement (PCLM)